Miao

1. Overview

The Miao nationality is a minority nationality that moved to Wenshan area in ancient times. Due to the continuous war between ethnic groups, after five times of great migration from the Yellow River basin to the southwest, some branches in Southeast Asia and Europe and the United States. In the early Tang Dynasty, Miao people moved from Guizhou to Wenshan. In the early Ming Dynasty, more than 2000 Miao people moved from Guizhou to Qiubei. In 1796, Miao villages such as small flat ground appeared in Qiubei County. Now there are 56100 Miao people in Qiubei. Due to factors such as the geographical environment of the Miao people in Wenshan and Qiubei and the mentality of the Miao people, after thousands of years of development, they still retain their own language, customs, costumes, music and dance, and inherit their own ethics and morality. Aesthetic thought, thinking habits.

The Miao people believe in primitive religion, respect heaven and earth, and believe in ghosts and gods. They believe that the mountain god is the protection god of six animals, the five grain god is the mother of Tian Gongdi, and the Miao people advocate witchcraft.The Miao people live in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas, mostly scattered villages. At present, most of the dwellings are based on three-room thatched cottages or civil structure tile houses, and some have ear houses at both ends of the main room, commonly known as "partial mansions". Generally, it is divided into upper and lower layers, with grain and utensils placed in the upper layer and people living in the lower layer.

The Miao people are mainly dry land and have been engaged in farming and animal husbandry for generations. The main crops they grow are rice, corn, buckwheat, potatoes, beans, and melons. Traditional cash crops include hemp, tea, dry tobacco, etc. In addition to raising cattle, horses, pigs, dogs, chickens and other livestock and poultry, they also like to raise thrush, pheasant, partridge, bee, etc.

2. clothing

Miao costumes are known as "the history books worn on the body" and "the history books without words". The Miao nationality is a migratory nation. In order not to forget their ancestors, they use three lace on their skirts to represent the three rivers that their ancestors crossed during their migration, while the square pattern behind the white seedlings represents the city where the Miao ancestors lived. The pattern on the skirt indicates the splendid rivers and mountains where the ancestors lived, the pattern on the double cover indicates that the ancestral land is contiguous with tens of millions of mu of fertile fields, the pattern on the dotted cover indicates the irrigation canals of the ancestors, and the pattern on the vertical cover indicates that the native land is surrounded by mountains and dotted with layers. A set of Miao dress is a history of Miao ancestors. A set of Miao costumes is a set of exquisite works of art. Miao women's costumes have always been very popular. The Miao costumes sewn in Wenshan are basically based on the "Qiubei style.

3, Miao embroidery. Ma Tang Culture

According to the records of "three seedlings" and "good five-color clothes" of Miao ancestors in the later Han Dynasty, Miao embroidery was produced in the Warring States period at the latest. The embroidery of the Miao nationality is mainly based on geometric patterns, with various patterns of flowers, plants, fish and insects, with red, yellow, green, blue, and purple threads. The stitches include flat embroidery and entanglement embroidery. It has a long history, superb skills, and unique The shape, rich colors and strong religious consciousness.

In history, the materials used for Miao costumes were mainly hemp products. Before the 1980 s, every family had a pond to produce self-sufficient linen. Miao's hemp textile is manual labor with complicated processes. Starting from hemp cutting, hemp peeling, hemp performance, spinning, bleaching, width lifting, weaving, rolling, rinsing, drying and other processes must be carried out before hemp can be made into materials for garment making, and then wax dyeing, embroidery and tailoring can be carried out. Now the state has banned planting and hemp products are converted to cotton or other fiber products.

4Lusheng and Song and Dance Festival

Lusheng dance is an important carrier of Miao culture. The Lusheng dance of the Miao nationality combines entertainment and sacrifice. Its routine is complete, simple and complex, each with its own advantages. Jane jump clap feet and palm, personable; Numerous jump back and forth circling, tumbling handstand, flexible and changeable, amazing. Bai Miao Lusheng's music consists of 48 tunes. One set needs to be played for several days, dancing while playing, with cadence and cadence. The sound of Genggu is exciting. The production of Lusheng of Miao nationality pays attention to the selection of materials and craftsmanship. Lusheng has fine wood, corrosion resistance and durability. The size, thickness, thickness and age of bamboo pipes are all exquisite. The spring tongue is made of high-quality brass, and the reed hoop is generally made of cherry bark, and then made of brass and silver tablets. Due to the fine craftsmanship of Lusheng, it is specially made and produced by craftsmen. The air hall of Lusheng, the configuration of Sheng tube, the thickness of the gong spring, the position of the spring tongue, the setting of the pipe hoop, the positioning of the pipe eye, etc. all require meticulous carving and perfection. The higher the quality of material selection, the more precise the process, the more beautiful the sound of Lusheng.